Hundred Days

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War of the Seventh Coalition
Part of the Napoleonic Wars and the Coalition Wars
Click an image to load the battle. Left to right, top to bottom: Battles of Quatre Bras, Ligny, Waterloo.
Date 20 March – 8 July 1815[4] (110 days) Location France Netherlands Result Coalition victory Second Treaty of Paris End of the Napoleonic Wars Second exile of Napoleon (to the island of Saint Helena) and second Bourbon Restoration Beginning of the Concert of Europe
Belligerents
United Kingdom Prussia  Russia[1] Netherlands  Austria  Bourbon Restoration Brunswick Denmark (no combat)[2] Hanover Liechtenstein  Nassau Sardinia[1]  Sicily[1] Switzerland[3] Tuscany  Württemberg	France Naples
Commanders and leaders
Robert Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington Thomas Picton † Hudson Lowe Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher Archduke Charles of Austria Karl von Schwarzenberg Frederick Bianchi Johann Frimont Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly William of Orange Frederick of Orange Niklaus Franz von Bachmann Frederik of Hesse	Napoleon I Louis-Nicolas Davout Michel Ney Emmanuel de Grouchy Louis-Gabriel Suchet Jean-de-Dieu Soult Guillaume Brune Édouard Mortier François Joseph Lefebvre Jean Rapp Bertrand Clauzel Charles Decaen Jean Maximilien Lamarque Claude Lecourbe Guillaume Duhesme Joachim Murat
Strength
800,000–1,000,000[5]	280,000[5]
See military mobilisation during the Hundred Days for more information.

The Hundred Days (French: les Cent-Jours IPA: [le sɑ̃ ʒuʁ]),^[4] also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition (French: Guerre de la Septième Coalition), marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 110 days).^[a] This period saw the War of the Seventh Coalition, and includes the Waterloo Campaign^[7] and the Neapolitan War as well as several other minor campaigns. The phrase les Cent Jours (the hundred days) was first used by the prefect of Paris, Gaspard, comte de Chabrol, in his speech welcoming the king back to Paris on 8 July.^[b]

Napoleon returned while the Congress of Vienna was sitting. On the 13th of March, seven days before Napoleon reached Paris, the powers at the Congress of Vienna declared him an outlaw, and on the 25th of March, Austria, Prussia, Russia and the United Kingdom, the four Great Powers and key members of the Seventh Coalition, bound themselves to put 150,000 men each into the field to end his rule.^[10] This set the stage for the last conflict in the Napoleonic Wars, the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo, the second restoration of the French kingdom, and the permanent exile of Napoleon to the distant island of Saint Helena, where he died of stomach cancer in May 1821.

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